Sa philosophie met en relation le qui avec le quoi. "[38], Carl Jung, the psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology, recognized Nietzsche's profundity early on. Nietzsche was enlisted as an authority for articulating the movement's ruptured relationship with the past and a force in its drive to normalization and its activist ideal of self-creating Hebraic New Man. He had some following among left-wing Germans in the 1890s. En 1869, à … Rather it so pervades modern culture that many who have never read him are influenced by his thought indirectly. Novelists Franz Kafka, Joseph Conrad, Thomas Mann, Hermann Hesse, André Malraux, Nikos Kazantzakis, André Gide, Knut Hamsun, August Strindberg, James Joyce, D. H. Lawrence, Vladimir Bartol and Pío Baroja; psychologists Sigmund Freud, Otto Gross, C. G. Jung, Alfred Adler, Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Rollo May and Kazimierz Dąbrowski; poets John Davidson, Rainer Maria Rilke, Wallace Stevens and William Butler Yeats; painters Salvador Dalí, Wassily Kandinsky, Pablo Picasso, Mark Rothko; playwrights George Bernard Shaw, Antonin Artaud, August Strindberg, and Eugene O'Neill; and authors H. P. Lovecraft, Olaf Stapledon, Menno ter Braak, Richard Wright, Robert E. Howard, and Jack London. Trained as a classicist, Nietzsche’s encounter with Attic tragedy led… Wodehouse, is a fan of Baruch Spinoza, recommending his works to his employer, Bertie Wooster over those of Friedrich Nietzsche: You would not enjoy Nietzsche, sir. Le penseur intempestif sonne puissamment du cor pour annoncer la mort de Dieu et l’avènement du surhomme. Gilles Deleuze and Pierre Klossowski wrote monographs drawing new attention to Nietzsche's work, and a 1972 conference at Cérisy-la-Salle ranks as the most important event in France for a generation's reception of Nietzsche. 1, Jan., 1993, pp. Deleuze, arguably the foremost of Nietzsche's Leftist interpreters, used the much-maligned "will to power" thesis in tandem with Marxian notions of commodity surplus and Freudian ideas of desire to articulate concepts such as the rhizome and other "outsides" to state power as traditionally conceived. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), a fervent philosopher who was anti-democracy, anti-Christianity, anti-Judaism, anti-socialist and self-acclaimed Anti-Christ, expressed his belief in a master race and the coming of a superman in many of his works. He has never conceived of the man who, with all the fearlessness and stubborn pride of the superman, nevertheless does not inflict pain because he has no wish to do so. Regarding Hitler, for example, there is a debate. 34. In particular, the gesture of setting up 'Nietzsche' as a battlefield on which to take one's stand against or to enter into competition with the ideas of one's intellectual predecessors or rivals has happened quite frequently in the twentieth century."[26]. "[24], Nietzsche was no less popular among French fascists, perhaps with more doctrinal truthfulness, as Robert S. Wistrich has pointed out. The highest virtue is to be true to yourself (consider these song titles from a generation ago: “I Gotta Be Me,” “I Did It My Way”). Nietzsche's anarchistic influence was particularly strong in France and the United States. Nietzsche holds that moral (i.e., MPS) values are not conducive to theflourishing of human excellence, and it is by reference tothis fact that he proposed to assess their value. Then later, Alexander Nehamas, came out with his book, Nietzsche: Life as Literature (1985). Ernst Nolte the German historian, in his literature analyzing fascism and Nazism, presented Nietzsche as a force of the Counter-Enlightenment and foe of all modern "emancipation politics", and Nolte's judgment generated impassioned dialogue. He lived from 15th October 1844 – 25th August 1900, and his work has exerted a profound influence on Western philosophy and modern intellectual history. [41] A 12th-century stick found among the Bryggen inscriptions, Bergen, Norway bears a runic message by which the population called upon Thor and Wotan for help: Thor is asked to receive the reader, and Wotan to own them. "[34] Under his editorship the Neue Freie Presse dedicated seven consecutive issues to Nietzsche obituaries, and Golomb notes that Herzl's cousin Raoul Auernheimer claimed Herzl was familiar with Nietzsche and had "absorbed his style."[35]. Reactions were anything but uniform, and proponents of various ideologies attempted to appropriate his work quite early. (The influence of Zen Buddhism on this sort of thinking is also very strong.). The two grandfathers of modern psychology, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and Carl Jung (1875-1961), both had a deep admiration for Nietzsche and credited him with many insights into the human character. Once an affinity like this is appreciated, the absurdity of describing Nietzsche's political thought as 'fascist', or Nazi, becomes readily apparent. [...] The effect of both is immeasurably great, even greater in general thinking than in technical philosophy. Friedrich Nietzsche's influence and reception varied widely and may be roughly divided into various chronological periods. Il devient très tôt professeur dans les grandes universités. Hot;er mentioned Nietzsche when he … [25] Bataille here was sharp-witted but combined half-truths without his customary dialectical finesse. In The Will to Power Nietzsche praised – sometimes metaphorically, other times both metaphorically and literally – the sublimity of war and warriors, and heralded an international ruling race that would become the "lords of the earth". Consider the following ideas circulating in American culture today, all of them traceable at least in part to Nietzsche, although many of them are much simpler than similar ideas held by him: More Study Guides for 18th and 19th Century European Classics. And not even Marx has exercised the intellectual and spiritual fascination commanded by his unhappy countryman. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Réception_de_la_pensée_de_Nietzsche Thomas Altizer (b.1927) created a sensation (and found himself on the cover of Time) in the 1960s by helping to create the oxymoronically named “death of God theology” together with a number of other theologians who argued for religion without God. Post-structuralism in itself is profoundly influenced by Nietzsche in its main thinkers su.. Although the direct influence of this school hardly lasted out the decade, other theologians used Nietzsche’s thought as well, notably embracing his idea that human values should be based not on denial (“thou shalt not”) but on affirmation (“thou shalt”). Do let us know which one was your favorite in the comments section below. Even George Santayana, an American philosopher whose life and work betray some similarity to Nietzsche's, dismissed Nietzsche in his 1916 Egotism in German Philosophy as a "prophet of Romanticism". The theme of the aesthetic justification of existence Nietzsche introduced from his earliest writings, in "The Birth of Tragedy" declaring sublime art as the only metaphysical consolation of existence; and in the context of fascism and Nazism, the Nietzschean aestheticization of politics void of morality and ordered by caste hierarchy in service of the creative caste, has posed many problems and questions for thinkers in contemporary times. Summary of a 1971 Foucault essay relating to Nietzsche, Foreign Words and Phrases translated from Dostoyevsky’s, Misconceptions, Confusions, and Conflicts Concerning Socialism, Communism, and Capitalism, Nietzsche’s Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Book One, Foreign Words and Phrases in Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov. You can’t love someone else if you don’t love yourself. Such politicized readings were vehemently rejected by another French writer, the socialo-communist anarchist Georges Bataille, who in the 1930s sought to establish (in ambiguous success) the "radical incompatibility" between Nietzsche (as a thinker who abhorred mass politics) and "the fascist reactionaries." "[30], The real problem with the labelling of Nietzsche as a fascist, or worse, a Nazi, is that it ignores the fact that Nietzsche's aristocratism seeks to revive an older conception of politics, one which he locates in Greek agon which [...] has striking affinities with the philosophy of action expounded in our own time by Hannah Arendt. Knowledge and strength are greater virtues than humility and submission. My hero: Friedrich Nietzsche by Geoff Dyer Read more Nietzsche’s achievement was as a genealogist of morality, and his observations on the origins of liberal values are peculiarly resonant today. He is fundamentally unsound. He argued that nothing was more alien to Nietzsche than the pan-Germanism, racism, militarism and anti-Semitism of the Nazis, into whose service the German philosopher had been pressed. Thomas Mann (1875-1955) wrote repeatedly about him and his characters are often engaged in struggles to define their ideas in a world in which old philosophies are decaying, like Nietzsche, torn between romanticism and rationalism (notably in The Magic Mountain). Thomas H. Brobjer, "Philologica: A Possible Solution to the Stirner-Nietzsche Question", in, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche § Criticism of Anti-Semitism and nationalism, Spencer Sunshine, "Nietzsche and the Anarchists", "Jung's Reception of Friedrich Nietzsche", Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Influence_and_reception_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche&oldid=1019254312, Articles needing cleanup from February 2020, Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from February 2020, Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from February 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2019, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 April 2021, at 09:36. His celebration of mortal life as a sort of religion is extremely Nietzschean. Nietzsche's present stature in the English-speaking world owes much to the exegetical writings and improved Nietzsche translations by the Jewish-German, American philosopher Walter Kaufmann and the British scholar R.J. Hollingdale. According to the philosopher René Girard,[46] Nietzsche's greatest political legacy lies in his 20th-century French interpreters, among them Georges Bataille, Pierre Klossowski, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze (and Félix Guattari), and Jacques Derrida. "[28] Here is one area where Nietzsche indeed did not contradict the Nazis in his politics of "aristocratic radicalism. People’s values are shaped by the cultures they live in; as society changes we need changed values. Trained as a classical scholar of antiquity, he was forced by ill health into an early retirement from his academic career while still in his thirties. [18] Thus far, no plagiarism has been detected at all, but a probable concealed influence in his formative years. Friedrich Nietzsche, (born October 15, 1844, Röcken, Saxony, Prussia [Germany]—died August 25, 1900, Weimar, Thuringian States), German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers. Friedrich Nietzsche was born 1844 in a little town of Rocken, in Prussian Saxony. I think they are both heresies so horrible that their treatment must not be so much mental as moral, when it is not simply medical. He was interested in the enhancement of individual and cultural health, and believed in life, creativity, power, and the realities of the world we live in, rather than those situated in a world beyond. [40] In 1936, Jung explained that Germans of the present day had been seized or possessed by the psychic force known in Germanic mythology as Wotan, "the god of storm and frenzy, the unleasher of passions and the lust of battle"—Wotan being synonymous with Nietzsche's Dionysus, Jung said. 97-117, Steven E. Aschheim notes that "[a]bout 150,000 copies of a specially durable wartime, Brigitte Hamann, Hitler's Vienna: A Dictator's Apprenticeship, p.74, Jacob Golomb & Robert S. Wistrich (2002), ", "Nietzsche's possible reading, knowledge, and plagiarism of Max Stirner's The Ego and Its Own (1845) has been a contentious question and frequently discussed for more than a century now." arguably most famous for his criticisms of traditionalEuropean moral commitments, together with their foundations inChristianity. Martin Buber was fascinated by Nietzsche, whom he praised as a heroic figure, and he strove to introduce "a Nietzschean perspective into Zionist affairs." Analytic philosophers, if they mentioned Nietzsche at all, characterized him as a literary figure rather than as a philosopher. Before pursuing a career in philosophy, Neitzsche was […] In Western philosophy, Nietzsche's writings have been described as a case of free revolutionary thought, that is, revolutionary in its structure and problems, although not tied to any revolutionary project. 1 During his childhood, Nietzsche attended a boarding school and showed interest in 1930) and Michel Foucault (1926-1984). Many people suffer from impaired self-esteem; they need to work on being proud of themselves. "[20] Lacking in Nietzsche is the anarchist utopian-egalitarian belief that every soul is capable of epic greatness: Nietzsche's aristocratic elitism is the death-knell of any Nietzschean conventional anarchism. owes a great debt to this line of thought. The wide popularity of Nietzsche among Nazis stemmed in part from the endeavors of his sister, Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, the editor of Nietzsche's work after his 1889 breakdown, and an eventual Nazi sympathizer. In the context of the rise of French fascism, one researcher notes, "Although, as much recent work has stressed, Nietzsche had an important impact on "leftist" French ideology and theory, this should not obscure the fact that his work was also crucial to the right and to the neither right nor left fusions of developing French fascism.[5]. [citation needed]. "Forget not thy whip"-- but nine women out of ten would get the whip away from him, and he knew it, so he kept away from women, and soothed his wounded vanity with unkind remarks. Besides Kanzantzakis, many novelists have drawn on Nietzsche. Sexuality is not the opposite of virtue, but a natural gift that needs to be developed and integrated into a healthy, rounded life. Nietzsche, analytical psychology and psychoanalysis, O. Ewald, "German Philosophy in 1907", in The Philosophical Review, Vol. But Nietzsche’s influence has been much richer and varied than these simple stereotypes suggest. Some authors claim that he probably never read Nietzsche, or that if he did, his reading was not extensive. In fact, I blamed the failure of my first book, The Birth of Tragedy, on a latent Hegelianism I contracted while at school. Many other famous writers influenced by Nietzsche include André Malraux (1901-1976), André Gide (1869-1951), and Knut Hamsun (1859-1952). Oh, Hegel was an influence, all right, but only because I was young and didn't know any better. Also more recently in post-left anarchy, Nietzsche is present in the thought of Hakim Bey and Wolfi Landstreicher. NEW YORK, March 5 (UPI) -- Of all 19th-century thinkers, perhaps only Karl Marx surpassed Friedrich Nietzsche in his influence on the 20th century. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher of the late 19th century who challenged the foundations of Christianity and traditional morality. Nietzsche’s philosophy is believed to have influenced Adolf Hitler. Alfred Adler (1870-1937) developed an “individual psychology” which argues that each individual strives for what he called “superiority,” but is more commonly referred to today as “self-realization” or “self-actualization,” and which was profoundly influenced by Nietzsche’s notions of striving and self-creation. While both scholars were contemporaries and concentrated on the function of truth, Nietzsche’s philosophy advocated a scientific approach which renounced all religious frameworks, while James’ theory enabled one to find truth even in the metaphysical. Friedrich Nietzsche est né en Allemagne au 19e siècle. For example, one "rabidly Nazi writer, Curt von Westernhagen, who announced in his book Nietzsche, Juden, Antijuden (1936) that the time had come to expose the 'defective personality of Nietzsche whose inordinate tributes for, and espousal of, Jews had caused him to depart from the Germanic principles enunciated by Meister Richard Wagner'. [...] [H]e is so full of fear and hatred that spontaneous love of mankind seems to him impossible. 54, No. 3, Sep., 1947, pp. The great German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche once glorified art to this level: “Art as the single superior counterforce against all will to negation of life, art as … His father was a Lutheran pastor and died when Nietzsche was five. Friedrich Nietzsche was a German philosopher, cultural critic, poet, philologist, and Latin and Greek scholar. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) is one of the major figures of 19th-century European philosophy, whose influence on 20th-century thought was rivaled only by Marx. The future influences the present just as much as the past. His works remain controversial, due to varying interpretations and misinterpretations. One of the characters in Mann's 1947 novel Doktor Faustus represents Nietzsche fictionally. Second, he was very fond of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s work which was heavily influenced by the Bhagavad Gita. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche Écouter, né le 15 octobre 1844 à Röcken, en Prusse, et mort le 25 août 1900 à Weimar, en Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, est un philosophe, critique culturel, compositeur, poète, écrivain et philologue allemand dont l'œuvre a exercé une profonde influence sur l'histoire intellectuelle moderne. Nietzsche was well-steeped in his contemporary methods and debates in the philosophy of history, which carried over into his philosophy in essential ways. [...] I dislike Nietzsche because he likes the contemplation of pain, because he erects conceit into duty, because the men whom he most admires are conquerors, whose glory is cleverness in causing men to die. [2][3] The Dreyfus Affair provides another example of his reception: the French antisemitic Right labelled the Jewish and leftist intellectuals who defended Alfred Dreyfus as "Nietzscheans". It is not surprising that an author who embraced such contradictions should have influenced thinkers of an extraordinary variety. [11][12] Broadly speaking, despite Nietzsche's hostility towards anti-semitism and nationalism, the Nazis made very selective use of Nietzsche's philosophy, and eventually, this association caused Nietzsche's reputation to suffer following World War II. American writer H. L. Mencken avidly read and translated Nietzsche's works and has gained the sobriquet "the American Nietzsche". Friedrich Nietzsche, the rebel of 19th-century philosophy who died 116 years ago on Aug. 25, would probably recognize some of his ideas in modern society. [4] Such seemingly paradoxical acceptance by diametrically opposed camps is typical of the history of the reception of Nietzsche's thought. "[39], Nietzsche had also an important influence on psychotherapist and founder of the school of individual psychology Alfred Adler. And is now known as one of the most important thinkers of modern times. Friedrich Nietzsche was born on October 15th, 1844 in the small town of Röcken, near Leipzig, in the Prussian Province of Saxony. As a result, he was raised in a household consisting of his mother, grandmother, two aunts, and a younger sister. … Untangling the exact influence of Nietzsche on Jung, however, is a complicated business. Many of them have their roots in Romanticism, with Nietzsche merely articulating impulses that others shared; but he is a major transmitter of them to the modern world. The main conclusion reached in the investigation is that Nietzsche influenced the Third Reich through his sister Elisabeth, who associated his name and philosophy in the name of National Socialism. Nietzsche’s notion of heroes as creators is at the heart of Kazantzakis’ philosophy. Given the poetic style in which he wrote, it is not surprising that numerous poets have been drawn to Nietzsche, including Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926). [8] Other authors like Melendez (2001) point out to the parallels between Hitler's and Nietzsche's titanic anti-egalitarianism,[9] and the idea of the "übermensch",[10] a term which was frequently used by Hitler and Mussolini to refer to the so-called "Aryan race", or rather, its projected future after fascist engineering. Pour Nietzsche la mort de Dieu doit donner naissance à d’autres chimères. Mazzino Montinari, while editing Nietzsche's posthumous works in the 1960s, found that Förster-Nietzsche, while editing the posthumous fragments making up The Will to Power, had cut extracts, changed their order, quoted him out of context, etc. In recent years, Nietzsche has also influenced members of the analytical philosophy tradition, such as Bernard Williams in his last finished book, Truth And Truthfulness: An Essay In Genealogy (2002). Hey, all the cool kids were doing it—and from I hear, all the cool kids are doing it again. There are four points of contact between Friedrich Nietzsche and Hindu thought. Does any one suppose that Lincoln acted as he did from fear of hell? In recent times, a newer strand called post-anarchism has invoked Nietzsche’s ideas, while also disregarding the historical variants of Nietzschean anarchism. Theenterprise of assessing the value of certain other values (call themthe ‘revalued values’) naturally invites the Although he did not draw directly on Nietzsche’s work, the notions of “creative evolution” espoused by Henri Bergson (1859-1941) had a powerful influence on the Greek writer Nikos Kazantzakis (1885-1957), who combined his studies under Bergson with his reading of Nietzsche to produce a version of what is known as “process theology” which is most readily studied in the little book The Saviors of God and is also expressed in his most popular novel, Zorba the Greek.

Renault Libourne Minute, Stock Véhicule Marchand, Ligne Bordeaux Paris Avion, Match Anderlecht En Direct Streaming, 8-2 Barca Bayern,